STUDY OF SUPRACONDYLAR FEMUR FRACTURE MANAGED SURGICALLY USING LOCKING COMPRESSION PLATE.

Background- Fractures of distal femur are one of the most prevalent fractures encountered in high-velocity trauma which are associated with high morbidity and mortality if not managed well. The isolated fracture can itself lead to complications such as Acute Respiratory Distress and pulmonary embolism. This neccesitaties early stabilisation of the fractures. Open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) with locking compression plate is the treatment of choice for closed fractures of the distal femur. Distal femur anatomic contoured locking compression plate (LCP) has shown to give one of the best results regarding recovery, fracture union, return to work and the functional outcome. We present our experience of management of distal femur fracture at our centre. Study Material and Methodsdone on 36 patients, (NEER'S Classification) age range of 18 to 70 years (irrespective of their sex), were subjected to fixation by locking compression plate after obtaining thorough written informed consent. The observational study was carried at our institute between June 2021 to June 2022 Patients of both gender who were skeletally mature are taken into the study. In 61.5% of patients up to 50 years old and in Results40% of patients older than 50 years, the functional evaluation of LCP using Neers criteria was excellent. There was no statistically significant (p>0.05) difference in patients' functional status according to their age group who had distal femur fractures, which were stabilise by LCP. For supracondylar femur fractures, locking compression plates is a safe technique that has a good functional outcome, early clinical and radiographic union, and few complications.

Toxic non-inflammatory fungal keratitis

Purpose: To report a new entity called “toxic non?inflammatory fungal keratitis.” Methods: Eyes manifesting infective keratitis with a history of prior administration of topical steroids were included in the study. The details pertaining to the type of injury, duration of injury, and primary treatment for corneal trauma were meticulously documented. The corneal tissues were scraped from the patients and were analyzed for fungal filaments by using a 10% KOH mount under a compound microscope. Moreover, these scraped materials were plated on blood agar and Sabouraud dextrose agar plates. Results: The corneal ulcers displayed a disproportionately reduced intensity of pain and improved visual acuity. Further, 10% KOH revealed profuse fungal filaments with few inflammatory cells in all the patients. The anterior chamber cells and flare were either reduced or entirely absent. There was no evidence of lid edema and surrounding corneal edema in any of the patients. The mean healing period was 28.8 days (standard deviation (SD): 10.05). The KOH mount revealed the presence of confluent fungal hyphae with a few inflammatory cell infiltrates. The Aspergillus species and Fusarium species were found in 47% and 40% of the cases, respectively. Conclusion: Toxic non?inflammatory fungal keratitis following steroid therapy needs to be considered in fungal ulcers with disproportionately less pain and good visual acuity. The fungal ulcers with altered clinical signs of classical inflammation need to be assessed for topical steroid misuse.

Neo-adjuvant chemotherapy followed by either continuous hyper-fractionated accelerated radiation therapy week-end less or conventional chemo-radiotherapy in locally advanced NSCLC-A randomised prospective single institute study

Context: Better locoregional control and increased overall survival by continuous hyper fractionated accelerated radiotherapy have been shown in unresectable nonsmall cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC). Dose escalation and neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) along with continuous hyperfractionated accelerated radiotherapy week end-less (CHARTWEL) were also tried for improved survival. In this present study, we compared the results of NACT followed by CHARTWEL against NACT followed by conventional concurrent chemo-radiation therapy. Aims: The aim of this study is to compare the locoregional control and toxicities in NSCLC Stage IIIA and B in both arms. Settings and Design: Randomized, prospective single-institutional study with a study population comprising all locally advanced unresectable NSCLC patients enrolled in 2014 at our institute. Subjects and Methods: All enrolled patients were randomized into two arms-CHARTWEL and concomitant chemo-radiotherapy (CCRT), after three weeks of the fourth cycle of NACT. In CHARTWEL arm 30 patients received two-dimensional radiotherapy (RT) 58.5 Gy/39 fr/2.5 weeks while in CCRT arm 30 received 66 Gy/33 fr/6.5 weeks. Disease response was evaluated at 6 months and toxicity assessment during and after treatment completion. Data were analyzed using tools such as percentage, mean, Chi-square test and P value. Chi-square and P value was calculated by statistical online software (http://quantpsy.org). Results: 28% of patients in study arm and 20% in control arm had complete response at 6 months after RT. Locoregional disease control was observed in 44% in study arm and 32% in control arm of patients. There was no statistical difference in grades of toxicities or overall survival (OS)/disease-free survival except persistent esophagitis Grade III seen in two patients of study arm. Conclusions: Study suggests that CHARTWEL in combination with NACT is an effective strategy to treat patients with locally advanced lung cancer with the advantage of a smaller dose and shorter duration. Although large multivariate studies still needed

Purely Endovenous Polytherapy for Varicose Veins - How Good is It?

Introduction: Varicose veins are common disorder causingleg pain, blue veins and ulcer in humans. Varicose veinsproduce symptoms due to junctional incompetence, perforatorincompetence or both. In a unique combination of treatmentmodality we have used RFA for large vein ie GSV and SSV, glueembolization for incompetent perforator and sclerotherapyfor superficial varicosity. In our mind Combination of thesetherapies have synergistic action and better short term andlong term outcome and our aim is to find the same.Material and methods: Study was done in department ofradiology Geetanjali Medical College and Hospital,Udaipurfrom january 2019 to july 2019. Patients with varicose veinswho underwent combination polytherapy in interventionalradiology subdivision of were included in the study. Closurefast RFA system with 7cm ablation zone catheter fromMedtronic was used in all cases.Results: In our study of 27 patients all had leg pain and visiblevericocity as presenting symptoms 15 patients had pain withvenous edema and 12 patients had active ulcers. On followup at 1 month 11 patient had ulcer healing mean duration was2 weeks 1 patient had to undergo skin grafting. At 6 monthsfollow up 2 patients had residual symptomatic varicosity andsegmental recanalization of GSV. The long term obliterationrate was 92.59%. 5 patients had mild leg pain on prolongedstanding. Complications were bruising of overlying skin in5 patients but none had ulceration. Thrombophlebitis in 1patient and transient paraesthesia in 3 patients however nonehad permanent deficits. We did not record any DVT.Conclusion: For treatment of varicose veins especially inthe presence of venous stasis ulcers, treatment with triplecombination therapy is associated with faster ulcer healingand lower recurrence rate of ulcer as well as varicocities.

Pavonia odorata Derived Phytochemicals against Entamoeba histolytica Causing Dysentery

Phytochemicals from Pavonia odorata plant extract are traditionally used to cure Dysentery. It is caused by Entamoeba histolytica. Molecular docking method applied using “Biovia Discovery Studio”. “High positive values of -CDOCKER energy and -CDOCKER interaction energy” suggested that palmitic acid can effectively deactivate the Alcohol dehydrogenase enzyme thereby interrupting the life cycle of the organism

Coffea arabica L. Derived Phytochemicals against Haemophilus influenza Causing Conjunctivitis

Phytochemicals from Coffea arabica plant extract are traditionally used to cure conjunctivitis. It is caused by Haemophilus influenza. Molecular docking method applied using “Biovia DiscoveryStudio”. “High positive values of -CDOCKER energy and -CDOCKER interaction energy” suggested that caffeine and chlorogenic acid can efficiently deactivate the shikimate dehydrogenase enzyme which will result in interruption of the life cycle of the microorganism

Cardamom Derived Phytochemicals against Bronchitis Caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae

Phytochemicals from Cardamom plant extract can cure Bronchitis. One of the causes of Bronchitis is an infection of Streptococcus pneumoniae. Molecular docking method applied using “Biovia Discovery Studio”. “High positive values of -CDOCKER energy and -CDOCKER interaction energy” suggested that 4-terpineol can effectively deactivate thymidine phosphorylase enzyme thereby interrupting the life cycle of the organism.

Cardamom Derived Phytochemicals against Mycoplasma pneumonia Causing Bronchitis

Bronchitis is inflammation of the bronchi in the lungs. Bronchitis is mainly caused by a viral infection and a small number of cases are caused by a bacterial infection like Mycoplasma pneumonia.Cardamom extract is a traditional medicine that is used to treat Bronchitis. The objective of the study is to identify the phytochemical of Cardamom capable of curing pneumonia-like bronchitis Molecular docking method applied using “Biovia Discovery Studio”. “High positive values of -CDOCKER energy and -CDOCKER interaction energy” suggested that acetic acid can effectively deactivate glycerophosphodiester phospho diesterase enzyme thereby interrupting the life cycle of the organism

Capsicum Derived Phytochemicals against Shikimate Dehydrogenase of Haemophilus influenza causing Bronchitis

Phytochemicals from Capsicum plant extract are traditionally used to cure Bronchitis. It is caused by Haemophilus influenzae. Molecular docking method applied using “Biovia Discovery Studio”. “High positive values of -CDOCKER energy and -CDOCKER interaction energy” suggested that Apigenin can effectively deactivate the Shikimate dehydrogenase enzyme thereby interrupting the life cycle of the organism

Boswellia serrata Derived Phytochemicals against Dysentery

Dysentery is an intestinal inflammation, primarily of the colon. Nature is a major source of medicines for different diseases like Dysentery. Phytochemicals from Boswellia serrata plant extract can cure Dysentery. This objective of the study is to identify the phytochemical of Boswellia serrata capable of curing Dysentery. Molecular docking method applied using “Biovia DiscoveryStudio”. “High positive values of -CDOCKER energy and -CDOCKER interaction energy” suggested that p-cymene can effectively deactivate the enzyme, thereby interrupting the life cycle of the organism

Alpinia galanga Derived Phytochemicals against Shikimate Dehydrogenase Causing Peptic Ulcer

Phytochemicals can be derived from different parts of plants. Different medicinal plants and their phytoextracts have shown anti-microbial action. These medicinal plants play a key role in human health care. Phytochemicals from Alpinia galanga plant extract are traditionally used to cure PepticUlcer. The objective of the study is to identify the phytochemical of Alpinia galanga capable of curing Peptic Ulcer. Molecular docking method applied using “Biovia Discovery Studio”. “High positive values of -CDOCKER energy and -CDOCKER interaction energy” suggested that Alpinia galanga derived Phytochemicals cannot act effectively against Peptic Ulcer caused by Helicobacter pylori.

Syzygium aromaticum Derived Phytochemicals against Infections in Feet Crack Caused by Trichophyton rubrum

Phytochemicals from Syzygium aromaticum plant extract traditionally used to cure Feet Crack. Molecular docking method applied using “Biovia Discovery Studio”. “High positive values of -CDOCKER energy and -CDOCKER interaction energy” suggested that Myricetin can effectively deactivate the dihydrofolate reductase enzyme thereby interrupting the life cycle of the organism

Piper nigrum Derived Phytochemicals against Gonorrhoea

Phytochemicals from Piper nigrum plant extract are traditionally used to cure Gonorrhoea. It is caused by Neisseria gonnorrhoeae. Molecular docking method applied using “Biovia Discovery Studio”. “High positive values of -CDOCKER energy and -CDOCKER interaction energy” suggested that p-cymenecan effectively deactivate the dihydrofolate reductase enzyme thereby interrupting the life cycle of the organism

In-vitro anthelmintic activity of Boswellia serrata and Aloe barbadensis extracts on Pheretima posthuma: Indian earthworm

Background: The development of anthelmintic resistance and the high cost of conventional anthelmintic drugs led to the evaluation of medicinal plants as an alternative source of anthelmintics. In the current study, in- vitro experiments were conducted to determine the possible anthelmintic effects of crude aqueous and alcoholic extracts of the resins of Boswellia serrata and leaves of Aloe barbadensis on adult Indian earthworm (Pheretima posthuma).Methods: Various concentrations (50, 100, 150 mg/ml) of each extracts were tested and results were expressed in terms of time for paralysis and time for death of worms. The activities are well compared with the standard drug Albendazole as a positive control and saline water as negative control.Results: Anthelmintic activity was observed as dose dependent manner. It was found that alcoholic  extract exhibited maximum anthelmintic activity at concentration 100 and 150 mg/ml compared to standard drug Albendazole (10mg/ml) while aqueous extract show modest significant activity at concentration 150 mg/ml against worm Pheretima posthuma. All results was statistically analysed by using ‘Dunnett’s test’ one- way ANOVA; the p<0.001 were significant when compared with control and standard group.Conclusions: The present study proves the potential of combination of B. serrata and A. barbadensis as an anthelmintic drugs. Further studies are necessary to isolate and reveal the active compounds and to establish the mechanism of action.

Twin pregnancy a complicating journey for both mothers and babies: elaborate review

Pregnancy, also known as gestation, is the time during which one or more offspring develops inside a woman. A multiple pregnancy involves more than one offspring, such as with twins. Pregnancy can occur by sexual intercourse or assisted reproductive technology. A pregnancy may end in a live birth, abortion, or miscarriage, though access to safe abortion care varies globally. Research shows that 10 percent to 15 percent of all singleton births may have started off as twins; often one is lost early in pregnancy in a phenomenon known as "vanishing twin syndrome." Multiple pregnancy occurs when two or more ova are fertilized to form dizygotic (non-identical) twins or a single fertilised egg divides to form monozygotic (identical) twins. In the U.S, about three in every 100 pregnant women give birth to twins or triplets, according to the Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minn. And by many accounts, twin pregnancies are on the rise. This review provides a blessful information to understand what happening when expecting twins and also help to cope with pregnancy related complications and give twins the best start in life.

Morphometric Study Of Human Foetal Thymus

Introduction: Thymus consists of two pyramidal lobes. It is located in the mediastinum behind the sternum andin front of the pericardium and great vessels of the heart. The present study has been undertaken to highlightsome important points in morphometry of foetal thymus gland.Materials and Methods: In the present study 30 foetuses (12-38 week) were studied. The obtained foetuses werefixed in 10% formalin. After proper fixation they were subjected to dissection. The length and breadth of glandwas measured by vernier caliper in centimeters. Weight of the gland was measured using electronic weighingmachine. Naked eye examination done for number of lobes.Results: The average length of the thymus at 12th week was 0.2cm on right side and 0.2cm on left side, it wasincreased to 4cm on right side and 4.5cm on left side. The average breadth of thymus was 0.12cm on right sideand 0.10cm on left side at 12th week which was increased to 2.2cm and 2.6cm on right & left side respectively at38th week. The average weight of thymus was 0.1 gm at 12th week and 8.2 gm at 38th week. The majority of thymus26(86.67%) shows presence of two lobes.Conclusion: All parameters length, breadth and weight of thymus show gradual increase with advancing gestationalage with significant changes. There are wide variations in number of lobes of thymus gland.

Histogenesis Of Human Foetal Thymus

Introduction: The thymus is a primary lymphoid organ. It is a bilobed structure divided into lobules by theconnective tissue septa. Each lobule consists of a cortex and medulla. Most of the studies regarding early foetalhistology of this organ are animal based. The present study has been undertaken to highlight some featuresregarding histogenesis of human foetal thymus.Materials and Methods: In the present study, 30 normal human stillborn/aborted foetuses were studied. Theobtained foetuses were fixed in 10% formalin. After proper fixation they were subjected to dissection. Theobtained specimens were processed by standard paraffin block making procedure. Sections were taken andstained with haematoxylin & eosin. The stained sections were examined under light microscopy using 10x and40x optical magnifications and photographs taken.Results: At 12th week, capsule was thin and cortico-medullary differentiation not much prominent. Epithelialcells and lymphocytes were present. Hassall’s corpuscles were very small and immature. Distinct lobulation wasseen at 18th week with well differentiated cortex and medulla. The gland became more distinct from 21stweekonwards with increased number of Hassall’s corpuscles of various types. 29 week onwards the thymus glandrevealed an adult histological picture.Conclusion: All structural changes viz cortico-medullary differentiation, lobulation and maturity of Hassall’scorpuscles occurred within the first 18 weeks of gestation.

A Pharmacognostic And Phytochemical Study On The Market Samples Of Nagakesara

This work was conducted to evaluate the pharmacognostic and phytochemical study of varieties of Nagakesara. When it is further studied, it is observed that Nagakesara available in the markets of different areas is from different source plants. There are nearly 5 drugs sold in the market with the same name, the common floral parts available in the markets are commonly from Nagakesara (Mesua ferrea Linn.), Surapunnaga (Ochrocarpus longifolius Benth and Hook f.), Tamalpatra (Cinnamomum tamala Nees and Ebern.), Punnaga (Calophyllum inophyllum Linn.), Dillenia pentagyna Roxb. Hence a comparative study of these two samples 1) Nagakesara (Mesua ferrea), and 2) Tamalpatra (Cinnamomum tamala) has been carried out. The phytochemical study shows the presence of tannins, steroids and carbohydrates in almost all varieties of Nagakesara. Flower buds of Nagakesara plant of different species available in the market was taken up for the study. CONCLUSION: A detailed Pharamcognostic and Phytochemical review was done through which it was concluded that Mesua ferrea Linn. belonging to family Guttiferae may be the exact source of Nagakesara. The flower buds of Cinnamomum tamala Nees and Ebern. which is known as black variety in the markets according to our study,.

An unusual case of corneal lipoma

A 24-year-old male presented with a painless yellowish lesion on the nasal part of his cornea that extended to the paracentral area. Without a confirmed clinical diagnosis, the patient was advised surgical removal of the lesion. The lesion showed a smooth, elevated anterior surface without any signs of inflammation. On making a small incision over the lesion, we found yellowish material being extruded from the lesion. Cytological evaluation of the material revealed clear vacuolated cells suggestive of lipocytes, based on which we diagnosed it a rare case of corneal lipoma.

t[8;14][q24.1;q32] and its variant translocations: a study of 34 cases

Background: The t[8;14][q24.1;q32] and its variants - the t[2;8][p12;q24.1] and t[8;22][q24.1; q11.2] are associated with B-cell neoplasia and result in MYC/immunoglobulin [IG] gene rearrangement

Patients and methods: We correlated the cytogenetic, molecular and clinico-pathological findings of patients with 8q24 translocations seen in the Department of Haematology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, from January 2003 to December 2015

Results: There were 34 patients with 8q24 translocations [31, ALL and three myeloma]. The t [8;14] was seen in 25 patients, t[8;22] in seven and t[2;8] in two. The salient findings were as follows: 85% males; 79% adults, median age 37 years; L3 morphology in 61%; mature B immunophenotype in 77%; extra-medullary disease in 41%; additional abnormalities in 28 [85%], notably, structural abnormalities of chromosome 1q [41%] and 13q [9%] and monosomy 13 [15%]; complex karyotypes in 68%. There were two double-hit lymphoma/leukemia, one with a t[14;18][q32;q21] and the other with a t[3;14][q27;q11.2], associated with nodal high grade B cell lymphoma and dermal leukemic infiltrates respectively Only 13 samples were processed for DNA PCR and all these samples were positive for MYC-IgH [c-gamma type] rearrangement. Only in one patient, in addition to c-gamma, c-alpha rearrangement was also detected

Conclusion: The frequency [1.7%] and distribution of these translocations in our series and the association with 1q and 13q abnormalities is similar to the literature. Trisomies 7 and 12 were seen in less than 10% of our patients